According to Koudelka, the activities “under the guise” of the Prague-based, pro-Moscow news website Voice of Europe had three levels. The first involved various politicians on the platform giving pro-Russian or anti-Ukrainian interviews. The second, more severe level, was that with Russian money, those operating under the platform’s cover placed articles and information in Western media that were “quite pro-Russian, anti-Ukrainian, anti-Western and fulfilled an effort to influence public opinion.”